DRUG HARMS LITERATURE
APPENDIX II: DRUG HARMS LITERATURE
In the part of The Drug Problem where your writer has attempted to guide you to find what you ought to think of as your drug problem, the drug spectra have been split up into "costs" or "harms" - Public & private health care costs, Suffering due to physical illness, Suffering due to physical illness, Suffering due to mental illness, Addiction, Prevention of quality control. Restriction on medicinal use of drugs, School performance, Workplace performance, Poor parenting and child abuse, Influence on others’ using, Accruing criminal experience, Acquaintance with criminal networks, Elevated drug prices, Infringement of personal liberty, Prevention/restriction on benefits, Accident victimization, Victimization through property/acquisitive crime, Psychopharmacological violence, Economic compulsive violence, Systemic violence, Fear and restricted mobility, Sense of public disorder and disarray, Reduced property value near markets, Widespread violation of law, Police costs, Court costs, Incarceration costs, Court congestion and delay, Police invasion of personal privacy, Corruption of legal authorities, Demoralization of legal authorities, Violation of the law, Devaluation of arrest as moral sanction, Interference in source countries, Strained international relations, Fines, Time and income lost in courts and imprisonment, Legal expenses, Stigma of criminal records and prison records, and Fear of apprehension - and that is the categorization that has been used below.
Public & private health care costs
Murray C (1996) “The Global Burden of Disease: a Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality…”
Cohen M (1998) “The Monetary Value of Saving a Youth.”
Bretteville-Jensen (1999) “Addiction and Accounting.”
Kenkel et al (2001) “Economics of Youth Drugs, Addiction and Gateway Effects.”
Ezzati et al (2004) “Comparative Quantification of Health Risk: Global and regional Burden…”
Babor & al (2010) “Drug Policy and the Public Good.”
Monaghan & Wincup (2013) “Work and the journey to recovery: Exploring the implications of welfare reform for methadone maintenance clients.”
Abd Rashid et al (2014) “A mosque-based methadone maintenance treatment strategy: Implementation and pilot results.”
Syvertsen et al (2014) “Rethinking risk: Gender and injection drug-related HIV risk among female sex workers and their non-commercial partners along the Mexico–U.S. border.”
Quinn et al (2014) “Syringe disposal among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles: The role of sterile syringe source.”
Néfau et al (2014) “Drug analysis of residual content of used syringes: A new approach for improving knowledge of injected drugs and drug user practices.”
Beg et al (2014) “State of the art science addressing injecting drug use, HIV and harm reduction.”
Bruggmann & Grebely (2014) “Prevention, treatment and care of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs.”
Ifeoma et al (2014) “Patterns and 14-year trends in mortality among illicit drug users in Finland: The HUUTI study.”
Siegler et al (2014) “Unintentional opioid overdose deaths in New York City, 2005–2010: A place-based approach to reduce risk
Suffering due to physical illness
Murray C (1996) “The Global Burden of Disease: a Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality…”
Ezzati et al (2004) “Comparative Quantification of Health Risk: Global and regional Burden…”
Babor & al (2010) “Drug Policy and the Public Good.”
Syvertsen et al (2014) “Rethinking risk: Gender and injection drug-related HIV risk among female sex workers and their non-commercial partners along the Mexico–U.S. border.”
Ifeoma et al (2014) “Patterns and 14-year trends in mortality among illicit drug users in Finland: The HUUTI study.”
Siegler et al (2014) “Unintentional opioid overdose deaths in New York City, 2005–2010: A place-based approach to reduce risk.”
Suffering due to mental illness
De Simone (2002) “Illegal Drug Use and Employment.”
Harris et al (2005) “Self-medication of Mental Health Problems…”
Room R (2005) “Stigma, Social Inequality and Alcohol and Drug Use.”
De Maeyer et al (2012) “Profiles of quality of life in opiate-dependent individuals after starting methadone treatment: A latent class analysis.”
Li et al (2013) “Mental health and family relations among people who inject drugs and their family members in Vietnam.”
Bayer & Fairchild (2015) “Stigma: Time for a hard conversation.”
Boyd, Boyd & Kerr (2015) “Visual and narrative representations of mental health and addiction by law enforcement.”
Addiction
Bretteville-Jensen (1999) “Addiction and Accounting.”
Kenkel et al (2001) “Economics of Youth Drugs, Addiction and Gateway Effects.”
Gronbladh et al (2007) “Mortality in Heroin Addiction: Impact of Methadone Treatment.”
Woolhouse et al (2013) “It gives me a sense of belonging”: Providing integrated health care and treatment to people with HCV engaged in a psycho-educational support group.”
Weinberg (2013) “Post-humanism, addiction and the loss of self-control: Reflections on the missing core in addiction science.”
Strike et al (2014) “Living with addiction: The perspectives of drug using and non-using individuals about sharing space in a hospital setting.”
Richert (2014) “Wasted, overdosed, or beyond saving – To act or not to act? Heroin users’ views, assessments, and responses to witnessed overdoses in Malmö, Sweden.”
Effect of maternal use on infants
O'Donnell et al (2009) “Increasing prevalence of neonatal withdrawal syndrome: population study of maternal factors and child protection involvement.
Hudak & Tan (2012) “Neonatal drug withdrawal.”
Otiashvili et al (2013) “Access to treatment for substance-using women in the Republic of Georgia: Socio-cultural and structural barriers.”
Prevention of quality control
Coomber R (1997) “The Adulteration of Drugs: What Dealers Do.”
Gable R S (2004) “Comparison of Acute Lethal Toxicity of Commonly Abused Psychoactive Substances.”
Inhibition of voluntary pursuit of treatment
H Ghodse (2002) “Drugs and addictive behaviour: a guide to treatment.”
Monaghan & Wincup (2013) “Work and the journey to recovery: Exploring the implications of welfare reform for methadone maintenance clients.”
Abd Rashid et al (2014) “A mosque-based methadone maintenance treatment strategy: Implementation and pilot results.”
Restriction on medicinal use of drugs
Ivan Illich (1976) “Medical Nemesis.”
Angell M (2004) “The Truth About Drug Companies.”
Resnik D (2007) “The Price of Truth: How Money Affects the Norms of Science.”
School performance
Cohen M (1998) “The Monetary Value of Saving a Youth.”
Faggiano F (2005) “School-based Prevention for Illicit Drugs’ Use.”
Tang Y-L (2007) “Improving Drug Treatment in China.”
Palamar et al (2014) “Correlates of intentions to use cannabis among US high school seniors in the case of cannabis legalization.”
Workplace performance
Gill A (1992) “Does Drugs Lower Wages?”
De Simone (2002) “Illegal Drug Use and Employment.”
Gjerde et al (2014) “A comparison of alcohol and drug use by random motor vehicle drivers in Brazil and Norway.”
Poor parenting and child abuse
Susan J. Kelley “Parenting stress and child maltreatment in drug-exposed children.”
Pinkert M (1985) “Current Research on the Consequences of Maternal Drug Abuse.”
Suchman et al (2006), “Parenting Interventions for Drug‐Dependent Mothers and Their Young Children: The Case for an Attachment‐Based Approach*”
Influence on others’ using
Parker H et al (1987) “The New Heroin Users: Prevalence and Characteristics in Wirral, Merseyside.”
Kenkel et al (2001) “Economics of Youth Drugs, Addiction and Gateway Effects.”
Joseph Studer et al (2014) “Peer pressure and alcohol use in young men: A mediation analysis of drinking motives.”
Secades-Villa et al (2014) “Probability and predictors of the cannabis gateway effect: A national study.”
Liebregts et al (2014) “The role of leisure and delinquency in frequent cannabis use and dependence trajectories among young adults.”
Accruing criminal experience
McCarthy B (1995) “Getting into Street Crime…”
Cohen M (1998) “The Monetary Value of Saving a Youth.”
Levitt S (2000) “An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang’s Finances.”
Miech et al (2015) “Trends in use of marijuana and attitudes toward marijuana among youth before and after decriminalization: The case of California 2007–2013.”
Acquaintance with criminal networks
McCarthy B (1995) “Getting into Street Crime…”
Cohen M (1998) “The Monetary Value of Saving a Youth.”
Levitt S (2000) “An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang’s Finances.”
Miech et al (2015) “Trends in use of marijuana and attitudes toward marijuana among youth before and after decriminalization: The case of California 2007–2013.”
Elevated drug prices
Reuter et al (1986) “Risks and Prices: An Economic Analysis of Drug Enforcement.”
Levitt S (2000) “An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang’s Finances.”
Sorti C et al (2009) “Globalization and the Price Decline of Illicit drugs.”
Reuter P et al. (2010) “Understanding the Demand for Illegal Drugs.”
Belackova et al (2014) “Should I Buy or Should I Grow?” How drug policy institutions and drug market transaction costs shape the decision to self-supply with cannabis in the Netherlands and the Czech Republic.”
Viktor Mravčík (2015) “(De)criminalisation of possession of drugs for personal use – A view from the Czech Republic.”
Infringement of personal liberty
Wisotsky (1992) “A Society of Suspects: The War on Drugs and Civil Liberties.”
S Brand et al (2000) “The Economic and Social Costs of Crime.”
Oliva (2014) “How the Drug War Threatens Privacy Rights Around the World.”
Prevention/restriction on benefits
“Tobacco profits and exploitation of 3rd world.”
Ritter & Lancaster (2012) “Measuring research influence on drug policy: A case example of two epidemiological monitoring systems.”
Ninnemann & MacPherson (2014) “Query and test for synthetic cannabinoids in drug treatment and research.”
Aleixandre-Benavent et al (2014) “Public availability of published research data in substance abuse journals.”
Accident victimization
Tami L Mark et al. “The economic costs of heroin addiction in the United States.”
Room R (2001)“Intoxication and Bad Behaviour: understanding Cultural Differences…”
Kendel D et al (2004) “A Review of Drug Use and Driving.”
Weiner et al (2005) “Explaining the link between violence perpetration, victimizationand drug use.”
Golder et al ( 2010)” Lifetime victimization and psychological distress: cluster profiles of out of treatment drug-involved women.”
Victimization through property/acquisitive crime
Goldstein et al (1985) “The Drugs/violence Nexus: a Tripartite Conceptual Framework.”
NIJ report (2003) “Towards a Drugs and Crime Research Agenda for the 21st Century.”
Bennett et al (2009) “The causal connection between drug misuse and crime.”
Psychopharmacological violence
Goldstein et al (1985) “The Drugs/violence Nexus: a Tripartite Conceptual Framework. Journal of Drug Issues.”
Goldstein et. al. (1988): “Crack and homicide in New York City: a conceptually based event analysis.”
Bennett T (2008) “The Statistical Association Between Drug Misuse and Crime.”
Economic compulsive violence
Goldstein et al (1985) “The Drugs/violence Nexus: a Tripartite Conceptual Framework.”
S Brand et al (2000) “The Economic and Social Costs of Crime.”
NIJ report (2003) “Towards a Drugs and Crime Research Agenda for the 21st Century.”
Scott Jacques et al (2013) “Drug dealers’ rational choices on which customers to rip-off.”
Systemic violence
Goldstein et al (1985) “The Drugs/violence Nexus: a Tripartite…”
Brownstein H H (1992) “The Relationship of Drugs, Drug Trafficking and Drug Traffickers to Homicide.”
Boyum D (1993) “Heroin and Cocaine Market Structure.”
Blumstein A, et al (2000) “The Rise and Decline of Homicide – and Why.”
Scott Jacques et al (2013) “Drug dealers’ rational choices on which customers to rip-off.”
Khenti (2014) “The Canadian war on drugs: Structural violence and unequal treatment of Black Canadians.”
Jacques et al (2014) “Drug dealers, retaliation, and deterrence.”
Fear and restricted mobility
S Brand et al (2000) “The Economic and Social Costs of Crime.”
Sense of public disorder and disarray
Wilson J Q, et al (1982) “Broken Windows: the Police and Neighbourhood Safety.”
Nils Christie and Kettil Bruun “Den goda fienden.”
Blumstein A, et al (2000) “The Rise and Decline of Homicide – and Why.”
Reduced property value near markets
SG Lieberman et al (1996) “Drug Dealing and Street Gangs--the New Nuisances: Modernizing Old Theories and Bringing Neighbours Together in the War Against Crime.”
Davidson & Howe (2013) “Beyond NIMBYism: Understanding community antipathy toward needle distribution services.”
Sterk et al (2014) “Neighbourhood structural characteristics and crack cocaine use: Exploring the impact of perceived neighbourhood disorder on use among African Americans.”
Widespread violation of law
S Brand et al (2000) “The Economic and Social Costs of Crime.”
Radcliffe & Parkes (2013) “The politics of providing opioid pharmacotherapy.”
Johnson & Richert (2014) “Diversion of methadone and buprenorphine by patients in opioid substitution treatment in Sweden: Prevalence estimates and risk factors.”
Police costs
S Brand et al (2000) “The Economic and Social Costs of Crime.”
NIJ report (2003) “Towards a Drugs and Crime Research Agenda for the 21st Century.”
Veisten & Houwing (2012) “Is law enforcement of drug-impaired driving cost-efficient? An explorative study of a methodology for cost–benefit analysis.”
Court costs
Belenko (1998) “Research on Drug Courts: a Critical Review.”
Carey & Finigan (2003) “A Detailed Cost Analysis in Mature Drug Court Setting: A Cost Benefit Analysis…”
Incarceration costs
Kuziemko & Levitt (2001) “An Empirical Analysis of Imprisoning Drug Offenders.”
Dave D (2008) “Illicit Drug Use Among Arrestees.”
Pre-empting of scarce jail/prison space
Mathiesen (2001) “Television, public space and prison population.”
NIJ report (2003) “Towards a Drugs and Crime Research Agenda for the 21st Century.”
Court congestion and delay
Belenko (1998) “Research on Drug Courts: a Critical Review.”
Carey & Finigan (2003) “A Detailed Cost Analysis in Mature Drug Court Setting: A Cost Benefit Analysis…”
Police invasion of personal privacy
HG Levine (2003) “Global drug prohibition: its uses and crises.”
Helms & Costanza (2009) “Race, politics, and drug law enforcement: an analysis of civil asset forfeiture patterns across US counties.”
Corruption of legal authorities
GAO (1998) “Information on Drug-Related Police Corruption.”
Odinokova et al (2013) “Police sexual coercion and its association with risky sex work and substance use behaviors among female sex workers in St. Petersburg and Orenburg, Russia.”
Boivin (2014) “Risks, prices, and positions: A social network analysis of illegal drug trafficking in the world-economy.”
Hari (2015) “Chasing the Scream.”
Demoralization of legal authorities
GAO (1998) “Information on Drug-Related Police Corruption.”
Odinokova et al (2013) “Police sexual coercion and its association with risky sex work and substance use behaviors among female sex workers in St. Petersburg and Orenburg, Russia.”
Boivin (2014) “Risks, prices, and positions: A social network analysis of illegal drug trafficking in the world-economy.”
Violation of the law
S Brand et al (2000) “The Economic and Social Costs of Crime.”
NIJ report (2003) “Towards a Drugs and Crime Research Agenda for the 21st Century.”
Devaluation of arrest as moral sanction
Roberts et al (2004) “Towards a review of global policies on illegal drugs.”
Interference in source countries
JM Fish et al (2000) “Is Our Drug Policy Effective? Are There Alternatives?”
Shariatirad & Maarefvand (2013) “Sanctions against Iran and the impact on drug use and addiction treatment
Latypov et al (2014) “Illicit drugs in Central Asia: What we know, what we don’t know, and what we need to know.”
Kupatadze et al (2014) “Kyrgyzstan – A virtual narco-state?”
Tomas Zabransky et al (2014) “Post-Soviet Central Asia: A summary of the drug situation.”
Latypov et al (2014) “Drug scene, drug use and drug-related health consequences and responses in Kulob and Khorog, Tajikistan.”
De Danieli et al (2014) “Beyond the drug-terror nexus: Drug trafficking and state-crime relations in Central Asia.”
Werb et al (2014) “Mexico's drug policy reform: Cutting edge success or crisis in the making?
Strained international relations
Shariatirad & Maarefvand (2013) “Sanctions against Iran and the impact on drug use and addiction treatmentLatypov et al (2014) “Illicit drugs in Central Asia: What we know, what we don’t know, and what we need to know.”
Kupatadze et al (2014) “Kyrgyzstan – A virtual narco-state?”
Tomas Zabransky et al (2014) “Post-Soviet Central Asia: A summary of the drug situation.”
Latypov et al (2014) “Drug scene, drug use and drug-related health consequences and responses in Kulob and Khorog, Tajikistan.”
De Danieli et al (2014) “Beyond the drug-terror nexus: Drug trafficking and state-crime relations in Central Asia.”
Werb et al (2014) “Mexico's drug policy reform: Cutting edge success or crisis in the making?”
Fines
RW Gillespie (1988).
Helms & Costanza (2009) “Race, politics, and drug law enforcement: an analysis of civil asset forfeiture patterns across US counties.”
Time and income lost in courts and imprisonment
Belenko (1998) “Research on Drug Courts: a Critical Review.”
Kuziemko & Levitt (2001) “An Empirical Analysis of Imprisoning Drug Offenders.”
Carey & Finigan (2003) “A Detailed Cost Analysis in Mature Drug Court Setting: A Cost Benefit Analysis…”
Legal expenses
Carey & Finigan (2003) “A Detailed Cost Analysis in Mature Drug Court Setting: A Cost Benefit Analysis…”
Belenko (1998) “Research on Drug Courts: a Critical Review.”
Stigma of criminal records and prison records
Room R (2005) “Stigma, Social Inequality and Alcohol and Drug Use.”
Peretti-Watel et al (2013) “Cigarette smoking as a stigma: Evidence from France.”
Williamson et al (2014) “Stigma as a public health tool: Implications for health promotion and citizen involvement.”
Bayer & Fairchild (2015) “Stigma: Time for a hard conversation.”
Fear of apprehension
S Brand et al (2000) “The Economic and Social Costs of Crime.”
Khenti (2014) “The Canadian war on drugs: Structural violence and unequal treatment of Black Canadians.”